// Example demonstrating class hierarchies and inheritance
// Extension of Lecture 3, using implicit and explicit serialisation
// This version uses pre-defined attributes (see Liberty, "Programming C# 3.0", Chapter 20)
// See also: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/4abbf6k0%28v=vs.110%29.aspx
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

/*
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Diagnostics; 
*/

// The base class: generic information on a person
[Serializable]
class Person{
  // private data fields for Person; uses a mixture of access modifiers for demonstration
  private string _fName;
  private string _lName;
  private string _address;

  // public properties to access the data
  public string fName {
    get { return _fName; }
    set { _fName = value; } }

  public string lName {
    get { return _lName; }
    set { _lName = value; } }

  public string address {
    get { return _address; }
    set { _address = value; } }

  public Person(string fName, string lName, string address){
    this.fName = fName;
    this.lName = lName;
    this.address = address;
  }

  public override string ToString() {
    return String.Format("Name: {0} {1}\tAddress: {2}", this.fName, this.lName, this.address);
  }
  public virtual string Serialise() { return "Person.Serialise: To be implemented"; }
}

// Student is a sub-class of Person, and inherits its data-fields and methods
[Serializable]
class Student: Person{
  // the private data for Student
  private string _matricNo;
  private string _degree; 

  // the properties to access the data
  public string degree 
  {
    get { return _degree; }
    set { _degree = value; } }

  public string matricNo 
  {
    get { return _matricNo; }
    set { _matricNo = value; } } 

  // constructor
  public Student(string fName, string lName, string address, string matricNo, string degree): base(fName, lName, address) {
    this.matricNo = matricNo;
    this.degree = degree;
  }

  /* ------------------------------------------------------- */
  /* This does explicit serialisation; we don't need that with the serialisable attribute */
  // override ToString as an example of serialisation
  public override string ToString() {
    string base_str = base.ToString();
    string this_str = String.Format("MatricNo: {0}\tDegree: {1}", this.matricNo, this.degree);
    return base_str+"\n"+this_str;
  }
  // A different way to implement ToString; it is less generic, 
  // because it relies on knowledge of the field in all parent classes
  public string ToString0() {
    return String.Format("Name: {0} {1}\tAddress: {2}\nMatricNo: {3}\tDegree: {4}", 
			 this.fName, this.lName, this.address, this.matricNo, this.degree);
  }
}

// Lecturer is another sub-class of Person, and inherits its data-fields and methods
[Serializable]
class Lecturer: Person{
  // the pivate data
  private string _officeNo;
  // the property to access the data
  public string officeNo {
    get { return _officeNo; }
    set { _officeNo = value; } 
  }
  
  public Lecturer(string fName, string lName, string address, string officeNo): base(fName, lName, address) {
    this.officeNo = officeNo;
  }
  /* ------------------------------------------------------- */
  /* This does explicit serialisation; we don't need that with the serialisable attribute */
  // override ToString as an example of serialisation
  public override string ToString() {
    string base_str = base.ToString();
    string this_str = String.Format("OfficeNo: {0}", this.officeNo);
    return base_str+"\n"+this_str;
  }
}

class Test{
  public static void Main(){
    // Person p = new Person("John", "Smith", "Edinburgh");
      Student s = new Student("Brian", "Hillman", "London", "99124678", "CS");
      Lecturer l = new Lecturer("Hans-Wolfgang", "Loidl", "Edinburgh", "G48");
      Console.WriteLine("\nHere we use the overriden ToString() method, implemented as a generic serialisation method:");
      Console.WriteLine("Student: {0} ", s.ToString0());
      Console.WriteLine("Student: {0} ", s.ToString());
      Console.WriteLine("Lecturer: {0} ", l.ToString());
      /* ------------------------------------------------------- */
      IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
      Stream streamOut = new FileStream("ThisPerson.bin", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);
      formatter.Serialize(streamOut, l);
      streamOut.Close();
      /* ------------------------------------------------------- */
      // IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
      Stream streamIn = new FileStream("ThisPerson.bin", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
      Lecturer l1 = (Lecturer) formatter.Deserialize(streamIn);
      streamIn.Close();
      // Test the result: contents should be the same as in l
      Console.WriteLine("Lecturer after serialise/deserialise:\n{0}", l1.ToString());
    }
}