(*warning to those with sensative ears, there is a fire alarm at 35:00 for exactly a minute*)

(*a function for calculating log base 2 of an integer*)
fun log2 1 = 0
  | log2 n = 1 + (log2 (n div 2));

(*the forkbomb function. does not work as such however is a nice explination of the logic of a forkbomb*)
fun forkbomb x = forkbomb x * forkbomb x;

(*passing unit type into forkbomb function, will consume large ammounts of memory and cpu until stack reaches capacity*)

(*how to make a new datatype, in this case cint*)
datatype cint = CI of int * int;

(*how to add cint's, please note that 'CI' shown here is a function of type 'int * int -> cint' CI is a wrapper and
must be used when using cint*)
fun sillyadd (CI(x,y)) = x+y;

(*how not to use the sillyadd program, this gives a type error*)
sillyadd (4,5);

(*how to properly use the sillyadd program*)
sillyadd (CI(4,5));

(*recursive loop program*)
fun me x = me x;

(*passing unit type into the me function this will use ~100% CPU until stopped, however uses no memory*)
me ();

(*making type cint, as opposed to datatype cint as done above*)
type cint = int * int;

(*making a natural numbers datatype*)
datatype mynat = Zero | Succ of mynat;

(*a function that converts integers into mynat*)
fun inttomynat 0 = Zero
  | inttomynat n = Succ(inttomynat(n-1));

(*an example case of the usage of inttomynat*)
inttomynay 5;

(*making datatype present*)
datatype present = Chocolate of string | Flowers of string | Cash of int;

(*Cash type deconstruction*)
Cash;

(*making type money*)
type money = int;

(*passing type of money into the cash type*)
Cash(9:money);

(*an example of a Flowers type*)
Flowers("roses")

(*deconstructing the Flowers type*)
Flowers;

(*creating the chocolate datatype*)
datatype chocolate = Choc of (string * int);

(*an example of the chocolate datatype*)
Choc("caramels",5);

(*creating the phoneentry type*)
datatype phoneentry = Assoc of (string * string);

(*an example of the phoneentry type*)
Assoc("Jamie","02012345678");

(*storing the previous example*)
val jamiesentry = Assoc("Jamie","02012345678");

(*a function to extract the name from a phoneentry type*)
fun extractname (Assoc(x,y)) = x;

(*using jamiesentry with extract name*)
extractname jamiesentry;