|
|
Computational neuroscience is characterised by its focus on understanding the nervous system as a computational device rather than by a particular experimental technique (Eeckman & Bower, 1993). |
2. Partial Connectivity
Groups of neurons are not multiply connected with each neuron connected to
every other neuron in the group.
3. Homogeneity of Neuron Efferents
The efferents from a given neuron are either all excitatory or all inhibitory.
A single neuron cannot excite some neurons and inhibit others (directly).
4. Immutability of Neuron Type
Neuron types do not change. Excitatory neurons (and the synapses they make on
other neurons) cannot become inhibitory or vice versa.
5. Long-Term Potentiation
Long lasting increases in synaptic efficacy have only been found at excitatory
synapses.
6. Long-Term Depression
Long lasting decreases in synaptic efficacy do not normally occur at single
synapses. In general LTD has only been clearly shown to occur at groups of
synapses (the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum are an exception). LTD occurs
on the inactive or weakly active afferents to a neuron which is highly
depolarised. LTD has also been recorded on the strongly active afferents to
hyper-polarised neurons.
Andersen,P. (1983) Operational principles of hippocampal neurons. Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, Ed. W.Seifert, Academic Press.
Andersen,P. (1990) Synaptic integration in hippocampal CA1 pyramids. Prog. Brain Res., 83 215-222.
Andersen,P., Sundberg,S.H., Sveen,O. & Wigstrom,H. (1977) Specific long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in hipppocampal slices. Nature, 266 736-737.
Arbib,M.A. & Lieblich,I. (1977) Motivational learning of spatial behaviour. Systems Neuroscience, Ed. J.Metzler, Academic Press.
Artola,A., Brocher,S. & Singer,W. (1990) Different voltage-dependent thresholds for inducing long-term depression and long-term potentiation in slices of rat visual cortex. Nature, 347 69-72.
Baddeley,A. (1986) Working Memory. Oxford University Press.
Baddeley,A. (1988) Cognitive psychology and human memory. Trends Neurosci.. 11 176-181.
Barnes,C.A. (1988) Spatial learning and memory processes: The search for their neurobiological mechanisms in the rat. Trends Neurosci., 11 163-169.
Barnes,C.A., McNaughton,B.L., Mizumori,S.J.Y., Leonard,B.W. & Lin,L-H. (1990) Comparison of spatial and temporal characteristics of neuronal activity in sequential stages of hippocampal processing. Prog. Brain Res., 83 287-300.
Barrionuevo,G. & Brown,T.H. (1983) Associative long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. Proc. Natl. Scad. Sci. USA, 80 7347-7351.
Bekkers,J.M. & Stevens,C.F. (1990) Two different ways evolution makes neurons larger. Prog. Brain Res., 83 37-45.
Bland,B., Andersen,P. & Ganes,T. (1975) Two generators of hippocampal activity in rabbits. Brain Res., 94 199-218.
Bliss,T.V.P. & Gardner-Medwin,A.R. (1971) Long-lasting increases of synaptic influence in the unanaesthetised hippocampus. J. Physiol., 216 32P.
Bliss,T.V.P. & Gardner-Medwin,A.R. (1973) Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the unanaesthetised rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J. Physiol., 232 357-374.
Bliss,T.V.P. & Lomo,T. (1970) Plasticity in a monosynaptic cortical pathway. J. Physiol., 207 61P.
Bliss,T.V.P. & Lomo,T. (1973) Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetised rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J. Physiol., 232 331-356.
Braitenberg,V. & Schuz,A. (1983) Some anatomical comments on the hippocampus. Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, Ed. W.Seifert, Academic Press.
Brown,D.A., Gahwiler,B.H., Griffith,W.H. & Halliwell,J.V. (1990) Membrane currents in hippocampal neurons. Prog. Brain Res., 83 141-160.
Brown,M.C., Hopkins,W.G. & Keynes,R.J. (1991) Essentials of Neural Development. Cambridge University Press.
Brown,T.H., Chapman,P.F., Kairiss,E.W. & Keenan,C.L. (1988) Long-term synaptic potentiation. Science, 242 724-728.
Brown,T.H., Kairiss,E.W. & Keenan,C.L. (1990) Hebbian synapses: Biophysical mechanisms and algorithms. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 13 475-511.
Burgess,N., O'Keefe,J. & Recce,M. (1993) Using hippocampal place cells for navigation, exploiting phase coding. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5, Eds. S.J.Hanson, J.D.Cowan & C.L.Giles, Morgan Kaufmann.
Burnod,Y. (1990) An adaptive neural network: The cerebral cortex. Prentice Hall.
Cairns,D.E., Baddeley,R.J. & Smith,L.S. (1992) Phase constraints on synchronising oscillator networks. ????.
Chattarji,S., Stanton,P.K. & Sejnowski,T.J. (1989) Commissural synapses, but not mossy fiber synapses, in hippocampal filed CA3 exhibit associative long-term potentiation and depression. Brain Res., 495 145-150.
Christofi,G., Nowicky,A.V., Bolsover,S.R. & Bindman,L.J. (1993) The postsynaptic induction of non-associative long-term depression of excitatory synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices. J. Neurophysiol., 69 219-229.
Christofi,G., Nowicky,A.V., Ray,J., Khan,H. & Bindman,L.J. (1992) Long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in isolated rat hippocampal slices can be induced postsynaptically in an anti-Hebbian paradigm by depolarising current pulses. J. Physiol., 452 33P.
Collett,T.S., Cartwright,B.A. & Smith,B.A. (1986) Landmark learning and visuo-spatial memories in gerbils. J Comp. Physiol. A, 158 835-851.
Dunwiddie,T. & Lynch,G.S. (1978) Long-term potentiation and depression of synaptic responses in the rat hippocampus: Localisation and frequency dependency. J. Physiol., 276 353-367.
Eeckman,F.H., & Bower,J.M. (1993) Introduction. Computation and Neural Systems, Eds. F.H.Eeckman & J.M.Bower, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Eichenbaum,H. & Buckingham,J. (1990) Studies on hippocampal processing: Experiment, theory and model. Learning and Computational Neuroscience: Foundations of Adaptive Networks, Eds. M.Gabriel & J.Moore, MIT Press.
Freund,T.F. & Antal,M. (1988) GABA-containing neurons in the septum control inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus. Nature, 336 170-173.
Granger,R. & Lynch,G.S. (1989) Rapid incremental learning of hierarchically organised stimuli by layer II sensory (olfactory) cortex. Parallel Distributed Processing, Ed. R.G.M.Morris, Oxford University Press.
Green,J.D. & Arduini,A.A. (1954) Hippocampal electrical activity in arousal. J. Neurophysiol., 17 533-557.
Green,J.D., Maxwell,D.S. & Petsche,H. (1961) Hippocampal electrical activity: III. Unitary events and genesis of slow waves. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 13 854-867.
Green,J.D., Maxwell,D.S., Schindler,W.J. & Stumpf,C. (1960) Rabbit EEG theta rhythm: Its anatomical source and relation to activity in single neurons. J. Neurophysiol., 23 403-420.
Green,J.D. & Petsche,H. (1961) Hippocampal electrical activity: II. Virtual generators. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 13 847-853.
Gustafsson,B. & Wigstrom,H. (1988) Physiological mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation. Trends Neurosci., 11 156-162.
Gustafsson,B. & Wigstrom,H. (1990) Long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region: Its induction and early temporal development. Prog. Brain Res., 83 223-232.
Ito,M. (1989) Long-term depression. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 12 85-102.
Jefferys,J.G.R. & Traub,R.D. (1992) Synchronisation of CA3 pyramidal neurons by NMDA-mediated excitatory synaptic potentials in hippocampal slices incubated in low Mg^{2+} solutions. J. Physiol., 452 32P.
Kilmer,W.L. & Willard,D. (1977) A model of CA1 hippocampus as a spatial cognitive map. Systems Neuroscience, Ed. J.Metzler, Academic Press.
Lacaille,J-C., Mueller,A.L., Kunkel,D.D. & Schwartzkroin,P.A. (1987) Local circuit interactions between oriens/alveus interneurons and CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices: Electrophysiology and morphology. J. Neurosci., 7 1979-1993.
Lacaille,J-C. & Schwartzkroin,P.A. (1988) Stratum lacunosum-moleculare interneurons of hippocampal CA1 region: II. Intrasomatic and intradendritic recordings of local circuit synaptic interactions. J. Neurosci., 8 1411-1424.
Larson,J. & Lynch,G.S. (1986) Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation involves two events. Science, 232 985-988.
Larson,J. & Lynch,G.S. (1988) Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the induction of synaptic potentiation by burst stimulation patterned after the hippocampal theta rhythm. Brain Res., 441 111-118.
Larson,J. & Lynch,G.S. (1989) Theta pattern stimulation and the induction of LTP: The sequence in which synapses are stimulated determines the degree to which they potentiate. Brain Res., 489 49-58.
Larson,J., Wong,D. & Lynch,G.S. (1986) Patterned stimulation at the theta frequency is optimal for the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Brain Res., 368 347-350.
Leung,L-W.S. (1978) Dynamic model of neuronal response in the rat hippocampus. Biol. Cybernetics, 31 219-230.
Levy,W.B., Brassel,S.E. & Moore,S.D. (1983) Partial quantification of the associative synaptic learning rule of the dentate gyrus. Neuroscience, 8 799-808.
Levy,W.B., Colbert,C.M. & Desmond,N.L. (1990) Elemental adaptive processes of neurons and synapses: A statistical/computational perspective. Neuroscience and Connectionist Theory, Eds. M.A.Gluck & D.E.Rumelhart, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Levy,W.B. & Steward,O. (1979) Synapses as associative memory elements in the hippocampal formation. Brain Res., 175 233-245.
Levy,W.B. & Steward,O. (1983a) Temporal contiguity requirements for long-term associative potentiation/depression in the hippocampus. Neuroscience, 8 791-797.
Levy,W.B. & Steward,O. (1983b) Partial quantification of the associative synaptic learning rule of the dentate gyrus. Neuroscience, 8 799-808.
Lisman,J.E. (1989) A mechanism for the Hebb and the anti-Hebb processes underlying learning and memory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86 9574-9578.
Lisman,J.E. & Harris,K.M. (1993) Quantal analysis and synaptic anatomy - integrating two views of hippocampal plasticity. Trends Neurosci., 16 141-147.
Lomo,T. (1966) Frequency potentiation of excitatory synaptic activity in the dentate area of the hippocampal formation. Acta Physiol. Scand., 68 Suppl. 277, 128.
Lomo,T. (1968) Potentiation of monosynaptic EPSPs in cortical cells by single repetitive afferent volleys. J. Physiol., 194 84P.
Lomo,T. (1971) Potentiation of monosynaptic EPSPs in the perforant path - dentate granule cell synapse. Exp. Brain Res., 12 46-63.
Lynch,G.S., Dunwiddie,T. & Gribkoff,V.K. (1977) Heterosynaptic depression: A postsynaptic correlate of long-term potentiation. Nature, 266 737-739.
Lynch,G.S., Granger,R., Larson,J. & Baudry,M. (1989) Cortical encoding of memory: Hypotheses derived from analysis and simulation of physiological learning rules in anatomical structures. Neural Connections, Mental Computation, Eds. L.Nadel, L.A.Cooper, P.Culicover & R.M.Harnish, MIT Press.
Lynch,G.S., Gribkoff,V.K. & Deadwyler,S.A. (1976) Long-term potentiation is accompanied by a reduction in dendritic responsiveness to glutamic acid. Nature, 263 151-153.
Lynch,G.S., Kessler,M., Arai,A. & Larson,J. (1990) The nature and causes of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Prog. Brain Res., 83 233-250.
McNaughton,B.L. (1989) Neuronal mechanisms for spatial computation and information storage. Neural Connections, Mental Computation, Eds. L.Nadel, L.A.Cooper, P.Culicover & R.M.Harnish, MIT Press.
McNaughton,B.L. & Nadel,L. (1990) Hebb-Marr networks and the neurobiological representation of action in space. Neuroscience and Connectionist Theory, Eds. M.A.Gluck & D.E.Rumelhart, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Marr,D. (1971) Simple memory: A theory for archicortex. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 262 23-81.
Mizumori,S.J.Y., McNaughton,B.L., Barnes,C.A. & Fox,K.B. (1989) Preserved spatial coding in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells during reversible suppression of CA3c output: Evidence for pattern completion in hippocampus. J. Neurosci., 9 3915-3928.
Morris,R.G.M. (1983) An attempt to dissociate "spatial-mapping" and "working-memory" theories of hippocampal function. Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, Ed. W.Seifert, Academic Press.
Morris,R.G.M. (1989a) Computational neuroscience: Modelling the brain. Parallel Distributed Processing, Ed. R.G.M.Morris, Oxford University Press.
Morris,R.G.M. (1989b) Does synaptic plasticity play a role in information storage in the vertebrate brain? Parallel Distributed Processing, Ed. R.G.M.Morris, Oxford University Press.
Morris,R.G.M., Davis,S. & Butcher,S.P. (1990) Hippocampal synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptors: A role in information storage? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 329 187-204.
Morris,R.G.M., Kandel,E.R. & Squire,L.R. (1988) The neuroscience of learning and memory: Cells, neural circuits and behaviour. Trends Neurosci., 11 125-127.
Morris,R.G.M., Schenk,F., Tweedie,F. & Jarrard,L.E. (1990) Ibotenate lesions of hippocampus and/or subiculum: Dissociating components of allocentric spatial learning. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2 1016-1028.
Morris,R.G.M. & Willshaw,D.J. (1989) Must what goes up come down? Nature, 339 175-176.
Nadel,L. (1991) Hippocampus forum. Hippocampus, 1 291-292.
Nauta,W.J.H. & Feirtag,M. (1986) Fundamental Neuroanatomy. Freeman.
O'Keefe,J. (1983) Hippocampus symposium panel discussion. Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, Ed. W.Seifert, Academic Press.
O'Keefe,J. (1989) Computations the hippocampus might perform. Neural Connections, Mental Computation, Eds. L.Nadel, L.A.Cooper, P.Culicover & R.M.Harnish, MIT Press.
O'Keefe,J. (1990) A computational thoery of the hippocampal cognitive map. Prog. Brain Res., 83 301-312.
O'Keefe,J. (1991) The hippocampal cognitive map and navigational strategies. Brain and Space, Ed. J.Paillard, Oxford University Press.
O'Keefe,J. & Nadel,L. (1978) The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. Oxford University Press.
O'Keefe,J. & Recce,M. (1993) Phase relationship between hippocampal place units and the EEG theta rhythm. Hippocampus, ??? ???.
Pavlides,C., Greenstein,Y., Grudman,M. & Winson,J. (1988) Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus is induced preferentially on the positive phase of theta rhythm. Brain Res., 439 383-387.
Petsche,H. & Stumpf,C. (1960) Topographic and toposcopic study of origin and spread of the regular synchronised arousal pattern in the rabbit. Eelectroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 12 589-600.
Raymond,L.A., Blackstone,C.D. & Huganir,R.L. (1993) Phosphorylation of amino acid neurotransmitter receptors in synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci., 16 147-153.
Rolls,E.T. (1989) Parallel distributed processing in the brain: Implications of the functional architecture of neuronal networks in the hippocampus. Parallel Distributed Processing, Ed. R.G.M.Morris, Oxford University Press.
Rolls,E.T. & O'Mara,S. (1993) Neurophysiological and theoretical analysis of how the primate hippocampus functions in memory. ????, Eds. T.Ono et al., OUP.
Seress,L. & Pokornuy,J. (1981) Structure of the granular layer of the rat dentate gyrus: A light microscopic and Golgi study. J. Anat., 133 181-195.
Squire,L.R. (1987) Memory and Brain. Oxford University Press.
Squire,L.R. & Zola-Morgan,S. (1988) Memory: Brain systems and behavior. Trends Neurosci., 11 170-175.
Stanton,P.K., Chattarji,S. & Sejnowski,T.J. (1991) 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid, an inhibitor of glutamate-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover, blocks induction of homosynaptic long-term depression, but not potentiation, in rat hippocampus. Neurosci. Lett., 12 61-66.
Stanton,P.K. & Sejnowski,T. (1989) Associative long-term depression in the hippocampus induced by Hebbian covariance. Nature, 339 215-218.
Steward,O. & Scoville,S.A. (1976) Cells of origin of entorhinal cortical afferents to the hippocampus and fascia dentata of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 169 347-370.
Taube,J.S. & Schwartzkroin,P.A. (1988a) Mechanisms of long-term potentiation: EPSP/spike dissociation, intradendritic recordings and glutamate sensitivity. J. Neurosci., 8 1632-1644.
Taube,J.S. & Schwartzkroin,P.A. (1988b) Mechanisms of long-term potentiation: A current-source density analysis. J. Neurosci., 8 1645-1655.
Tolman,E.C. (1948) Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psych. Rev., 55 189-208.
Traub,R.D. & Miles,R. (1991) Neuronal Networks of the Hippocampus. Cambridge University Press.
Traub,R.D., Miles,R. & Buzsaki,G. (1992) Computer Simulation of carbochol-driven rhythmic population oscillations in the CA3 region of the in vitro rat hippocampus. J. Physiol., 451 653-672.
Traub,R.D., Miles,R., Muller,R.U. & Gulyas,I. (1992) Functional organisation of the hippocampal CA3 region: Implications for epilepsy, brain waves and spatial behaviour. Network, 3 465-488.
Traub,R.D., Miles,R. & Wong,R.K.S. (1989) Model of the origin of rhythmic population oscillations in the hippocampal slice. Science, 243 1319-1325.
Treves,A. Miglino,O. & Parisi,D. (1992) Rats, nets, maps, and the emergence of place cells. Psychobiology, 20 1-8.
Treves,A. & Rolls,E.T. (1993) A computational analysis of the role of the hippocampus in memory. ???.
Treves,A., Rolls,E.T. & Tovee,M.J. (1993) On the time required for recurrent processing in the brain. ???.
Walter,V.J. & Walter,W.G. (1949) The central effects of rhythmic sensory stimulation. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1 57-86.
West, M.J. (1990) Stereological studies of the hippocampus: A comparison of the hippocampal subdivisions of diverse species including hedgehogs, laboratory rodents, wild mice and men. Prog. Brain Res., 83 13-36.
White.G., Levy,W.B. & Steward,O. (1988) Evidence that associative interactions between synapses during the induction of long-term potentiation occur within local dendritic domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85 2368-2372.
Willshaw,D.J. & Buckingham,J.T. (1990) An assessment of Marr's theory of the hippocampus as a temporary memory store. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 329 205-215.
Winson,J. (1974) Patterns of hippocampal theta rhythm in the freely moving rat. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 36 291-301.
Winson,J. (1975) The theta mode of hippocampal function. The Hippocampus: Volume 2, Eds. R.L.Isaacson & K.H.Pribram, Plenum Press.
Winson,J. (1976a) Hippocampal theta rhythm: I. Depth profiles in the curarised rat. Brain Res., 103 57-70.
Winson,J. (1976b) Hippocampal theta rhythm: II. Depth profiles in the freely moving rabbit. Brain Res., 103 71-79.
Witter,M.P., Griffioen,A.W., Jorritsma-Byham,B. & Krijnen,J.L.M. (1988) Entorhinal projections to the hippocampal CA1 region in the rat: An underestimated pathway. Neurosci. Lett., 85 193-198.
Witter,M.P. & Groenewegen,H.J. (1990) The subiculum: Cytoarchitectonically a simple structure but hodologically complex. Prog. Brain Res., 83 47-58.
Zipser, D. (1986) A model of hippocampal learning during classical conditioning. Behav. Neurosci., 100 764-776.
|
Home
Page 
|
Research
Interests 
|
Top
of Page 
| Last updated Thursday, 15-Jan-2009 12:38:17 GMT. | ||||||
|
This page is hosted courtesy of the School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh | |||||||||